Apparatus for generating gas from liquid hydrocarbons



Feb.'23, 1932. E'. o. BENJAMIN 1,846,833

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING GAS FROM LIQUID HYDRQCARBONS v Filed- March 24, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR 0 fdwarddfienjam/n.

v. 1 I ATT/ORNEY 'Fb. '23, 1932'. v E. o. BENJAMIN 1,846,833

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING GAS FROM LIQUID HYDROCARBQNS Filed March 24, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 A 2 fig 2.

INVENTOR fdward 0 Benjamin.

ATTORNEY 6 Sheets-Sheet '5 'l I ATTORNEY Feb. 23, 1932. E. o. BENJAMIN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING GAS FROM LIQUID HYDR OCARBONS Filed March 24. 1928 \C A T APPARATUS FOR GENERATING GAS FROM LIQUID HYDROCARBONS F'iledMrch 24, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 h} INVENTOR ATTO RN EY N Feb. 23, 1932. E. o. BENJAMIN 3 3 APPARATUS FOR GENERATING GAS FROM LIQUID HYDRQCARBQNS Filed March 24, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 S INVEN TOR Edward 0. fienjam/h ATTORNEY Feb.

E: o. BENJAMIN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING GAS FROM LIQUiD HYDROCARBONS Filed March 24, 1928 e sheets-sheet s Patented Feb. 23, 1932 UNITED STATES EDWARD 0. BENJAMIN, 0F l vnwnnxg'nnw JERSEY P 1T *i g APPARATUS FOR GENERATING ens-neon LIQUID HYn-RocARBoNs Application filed Mm 24, 1928. Serial No.2:64,411.

ldypresent invention shown asembodied in a completefapparatus adapted for use 1n the fire boxes of boilers or ordinaryfurnaces su'chas are used for heating houses, but it will be obvious that certain of the. novel features will be found usefulin other relatlons.

Some of thebasic principles involved are quite similar to those: disclosed'an'd claimed in my cofpending application Ser. No.

705,813, filed April 11, 1924Qpatent granted I June 12, 1928, No. 1,672,997. In .both cases,

between fluid hydrocarbon and steam, form ing arcarbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen normal full operation, however, gas

, thus produced isp refer'ably the fuel that is employed to keep up the Water gas'reaction and it is" burned under conditions insuring practically complete combustion. As partor all of the gas maybe tapped 01? or all of it may be burned in the burner, the device is obviously adaptable tor use in almost any is desired. V r r H The object of the invention is to produce place Where generation of heat or'o'ftuel gas complete apparatus of novel construction, especially suited 'tothe above purposes; wluch may be made of: almost any size 1 or capacity; which will standup .under extreme" conditions of use or abuse; which will oper- 7 ate efficiently for the productionnof a completely gasified mixture which ill be auto matically self, regulating fvv-ithin 'very Wide limits and which W'illbe practically r001 proof in the hands fof unskilled users. U

The complete combination includesmeans for generating. steam, for preventing water from being carried along with the steam, for *fisuperheatmg the steam, fQIflltlliZiDg the tor a complete development of thevvater gas portion of the boiler.

, throughthe'reactien chamber and-the injectorijet into a flash pan beneaththeflboiler.

steam pressure to atomize and inject fiuid hydrocarbon into a reaction" chamber, which is maintained 'at high temperature and Wherein'the reaction between the hydrocan, i

bo'n and the steam iseliectively pro moted,and for burning the gas to-produceisuch steam and to maintain such temperature, Thereac- 7 tion chamber is a passage long enough and having sufliclentflow reslstance to afford time reaction, but" is self drainingso as to avoid I trapping or accumulation ofdiquids.

In normal operation, thel gasified mixture flows from the reaction chamberthrouglia constricted nozzle under pressure sufiicient to t: produce a powerful injector jet, which discharges into a mixing tube having suitable air draft inlets supplying a. substantial amount: of primary air tothe mixture but not in sufficient quantity. .to support combustion. The partly aerated gas from the miningtube flowsto a burner beneath'thej-steam generating boiler in heating relationtoboth said boiler and said reaction chamber, the latter being a coiLpreferabIy in the form of a helix, co-axial With and surrounding a considerable Duringthe prelimin "stage prior toner mall operation, the hydrocarbon, fuel flows When a sulficientfamount of oil accumulates v in thefflash;pan-, theoil maybe ignitedso that the fiamevvill heat up: the reaction chamber, steam generator, superheater and other the normal water gas reaction begins. In normal operationthe automatlc regula-l:

tion of the device is due partly to the proportioning ofthe parts and partly to means for regulating the Water supplied to a feed-water chamber inaccordancewith. the height "of vvaterin the chambemlto means for conoperative elements of v the .7 device until'stea'm V is generated in sufiicientquantity andat pressures'necessary to atomize th'e'o1l,"whereupon necting the upper end of the boiler with the feed water chamber above thelevel of the water and thereby equalizing the pressure at the upper and lower ends of the boiler, and to an arrangement to cause relief of the pressure in the steam line from the boiler when a predetermined pressure is exceeded.

. The primary feature of the regulation referred to results from the fact that with any given rate of oil supply, too great a supply of steam will result in: decomposing unnecessarily large amounts of water, producing noncombustible carbon dioxide instead ofthe desired carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide so produced operatesin two-ways: first, :it -represents a loss of most important fuel constituents and, :second, it tends to retard combustion. Moreover, excessive steam is itself a diluent tending to retard combustion. Con-'- sequently, generation of steam in excess of @What is reguiredfor the rate offuel supply i operates TimmediatelyVito decrease the heat feed water chamber as it passes to the boiler available for generating the steam." On the otherfhanchthe critical temperature and most .e'fiiiiient operation having once been passed,

decrease Ofstezimwill operate to increase the percentage of combustible carbon monoxide and decreasethe steam diluent and cause the steam toactas an oxygen carrier to intensify combustion, thereby increasing the heat" of the flame. '7 r In; conjunction with suchnatural self reg- .nlat'ion, .dueto proportioning of parts an im- :portant feature ,of my present nvention 1s the employment of pressure-equalizing means -W.l1ich in .a preferredform includes a feed water .chamberhaving aflo at-controlled valve forgregu'lating the water supplied thereto l onllote l near its upper end with thefboiler .aind,fi.t.il'1S .,lOWG1 end with the lower end of the boiler to equalize the pressure at the upper andlowerends of'the boiler. Another ifei turef'is that of providing a safety valve to prevent excessive steam pressure. 7 Other .featuresof-the invent on consist in the arrangement for heatingthe water from the proper and providing'agfiash boiler section ,intowhich feed water or water and steam aresprayedand in which the feed water not already vaporized is 'rconverted substantially instantaneonslyv into steam which is superheated and then led to anatomizing injector :fer the liquid fuel. -Another important featureoif the invention relates tomeans for preventing waterand ,froth from being carried through theflash section to the upper part of the boiler. Further important features of the invention relate 'to means for controlling the supply'of oil to the atomizing injector,

to, the formatioi-i of t'he'burner and the means "for regulating at the burner outlet the flow section of gasand airpassingftherefrom, and

of means fo-r varying boththe air suppliedto unburned be chimney.

. Fig.4 is a section on the staggered line li I of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5;is;-a section: along the staggered line 5-5of Fig. 3; and

Fig. 6 is .a longitudinal section of .the lower part of the apparatus. My improved apparatus is very compact- 1y arranged and includes an upper portion in which thejsteam' and gas are generated and a lower portion or' burner for heating said jupperportion to produce the steam and to heat the mixture of steam and'atomizedliquid fuel inthe upper portiontothetemperature required EtOFPIQClUCQ LthG ,water gas. Preferablythe steam and'gas generating d e-' vice is specifically designed for insertion through the 'doonofa furnace provided with the usual stack 'or chimney draft. ltissu ported from a frame 10 secured in said open- "ing and the lower portionor burner isadapt- .ed for insertion through an opening inthe lower part of the furnace such, for example,

as that provided by the frame of ad'oor ordinarily used for the removal of ashes.

Thus arranged, any small amounts of thecarbon monoxide, can possibly escape safely drawn off, up the The frame l0hasa central opening communicating with the 'interiorof the furnace and a door 11. at the front of said opening, and serves to support a steam generator or boiler '12 by *me'ans of Y hollow supporting members or tubes 13 and 14: extending respectively from the lower and upper ends of the the upper end ofthe boiler to the'frame 10 and maybe considered as part of a supeiu heatin section of the boiler. The boiler'l2 has at its lower end a smallgeue-rally spherical chamber l2iinto which thewater passes directly frointhe tube 13 and; from which the fluidas' liquid, or asgaseous, or more usually as a gasfand spray mixture passes I.

upwardly into device 15, for screening and throttling upward movement of water or frothand preferably comprising'a tube havingitsuppcr end screen 15 and also having laterally directed openings '16 I:

boiler and entering said'framelO. The lower ter will flow through the openings 16, establishing water level at about line ac -w, Fig. 3, within tube *and also in surrounding chamber 17. During full normaloperatlon,

however,gwater in 17 boils down until-a foaming steam spray isprojected through the openings '16. The waterparticles of this mixture are turned to steam immediately 1 upon striking the then highly heatedwallof boiler.

the outer chamber 17. In this'connection it should be noted that the stream' of water flowing through the tube'13 is of considerable cross-section and that although it is heated and may be causeditoboil and froth in passing therethrough, the vaporizing of all the water to steamwillnot ordinarilybe completed until it is subjected to the higher heat of the intermediatechamber 17. This chamber or portion 17 is-separated from an upper or drying chamber 18, which serves the-purpose of a superheating steam. dome, by a dividing wall 21 havingarestricted opening 22 through which the. steam passes upward. The screen 15"may beone or more layers of very fine mesh so as to permit, but afiording considerable resistance to highvelocity flow-thereof. Moreover, it substanti- "ally prevents through flow of froth or bubbles by-reason of the water-film resistance in the fine mesh. The pressurein'the tube 15 'may be considerable whenthe apparatus is in full operation, and the screen must there fore be strong, suchstrength being attained, for example, by use of several "layers of screen :m'aterial. 'Thearm or tube 13-really forms part of the preheating portion of the supplied to the tank 24 by means of'a pipe 25 connected with 'the'lower end thereof and '24 may be provided with a vertically arranged mit inspectlon when desired; I

he upper member ortube 14 is connected through a duct or passage 30. with an oil injec-tor-31 to which the oil is supplied through a pipe 32. The oil is supplied under pressure and the superheatedsteam coming in around itina Venturi tube 31, has an in ector efl'ect thereon forcing thefsteam and atomized oil or vapor mixtureinto a'pipe 32 which extends to the boiler portion 12 where it is formed'as a coil positioned coaxially around "the boiler. This coil-33 serves as a gas mak- The end thereof attached to the. frame 10, is connected by means of a duct'orpipe 23 tolthe lower 'end :ofthe feed water chamber or tank 24. Water is preferably glass plate in itsfront so as to per in retort 33, the heat necessary for operating. it beingsupplied by suitable. meanssuchas a burner 34. The retort 33, may be supported from the boiler by means of suitable brackets 35 attached in any suitable manner to a flange 36 at the upper end of the boiler. The func-- .tions of this flange include that of further deflecting the hot draft and flame from the burner which has already been deflected outwardly by the boiler, and ofconducting-heat thus. absorbed to highly heat the upper or superheated part of the boiler, including the tube 14. i

. The passage in the member or tube also communicates'through means including a duct or pipe 37 with the upper end of'the feed water. tank 24 for the purpose of compensat- 7 ing forthe back pressure through the pipe or duct 13 and ofequalizing the pressure at opposite, ends'of the boiler. The member. or

tube; 14 also communicates at its forward-end witha safety valve 38 which opens when the pressure becomes too great, thereby avoiding dangerous conditions. The safety valve38 I is of ingenious simplicity, so designed that;

all danger of sticking or other irregularity of operation is precluded. It comprises a valve 1? member 39 in the formof a tube havingits upper edge beveled at an angle, preferably of a rod or pin 42 fitting ina cylindrical openmg 43 which serves as a guide @therefora- When the safety valve opens, the steam passes out into (the atmosphere until the pressure is sufficiently reduced; Preferably, one, of the valve-members 39 and is of -phosphor bronze andthe other isof-Monel-metal.- The 1 feed water tank "24 is provided atflits upper end with a pressure indicator 45 of the Bourdon type communicating with a pipe 46 which extends substantially to the bottom of the tank. The tank may be drained through a.

cook or valve 47 at the bottom thereof. The tube or pipe forming the retort 33 extendsfrom the lower end of. the coil portion thereof to the frame 10 where-it is connected through the lower part'of theframe with a pipe 48 whiclrextends downwardly to asubstantially horizontal mixingpipe or chamber 7 Y 49' and communicates with a: chamber 50 openbracket 52which contains the chamber 50 and end where it has an end wall 54 having there- 'inopenings 55 to admit air to be mixed with inginto a nozzle bl from which gas is forced axially of the mixing tube 49 toward the burner. 34. Thenozzle 51 is supported ina the gas flowing from'the nozzle; Just outside of the wall '54 is a rotatable damper 56hav- 'ing openings 57 to co operate with theopenadapted to co-operate with cam edge 59 and the sleeve 58 for a purpose to be described hereinafter, and is screwed-(into the bracket 52 adjacent'the chamber 50. The member or pipe 63 is here shown as closed at its outer end by a cap 66 threaded thereon. The damper 56 may be shifted to different positions, as desired, by means of an arm 67 projecting radially through a suitable [openingwhich may be,rfor example, in the rimof the 'guard I member 60. 1

The burner 34 is a-novel type of'the'Bunsen burner. It has a flared upper end or tip adapted to cooperate with a closing or valve member 68 tapered its outeredge to cooperate with sa1d tip to provlde an annular outlet opening for the mixture of gas and air to be burned. For adjustment of l the'fiow section'of the outlet, the valve member or deflector 68 maybe adjustably mounted, as

by'screw threads on the upper end of a ver- .tically shiftable member or rod 69 slidable ina guideat the center of'a spider 7 O in the burner'near the outlet and in the reduced upperend of a duct'or passage-71 extend- 'ing through the bottom'fofthe burner and'of the flash pan 72. The valve membert 68. may

:have a generally spherical upper surface r vided by ribs extending from its-highest point and may'have perforations 73 extending through it'in the regions between'the ribs. The hot blast from the annular outlet tends to pass up between the coil and the coni- 1- cal boiler section and the perforations 73 permit escape and endure burning of gas generated after valve 68 is closed." The rod 69 may be held against turning by any suitable means such asua screw 74 passmgthrough --'the hub of the spider and 'pro ectinginto a longitudinal groove 75 methe'roda he verticalmovement of the .rod 69 be effected'by means of a. toggle 76 having an upperrarm with its upper end pivoted-t0 1 the rod and a lower arm pivoted at its lower end to a block 77 resting onthexbottom of the burner and pivoted at-itsupper end to the lower end of the upper arm; by a pin 78 normally positionedin a slot or openingin the end of a forked head 79jon a rod 80 threaded at its other end in a lug 81 projecting from the cam sleeve 65. Itwill be seen that uponswinging the arm 67 downwardly to theposition in 6 to close the damper the toggle 76 will be collapsed and thevalve A member-63 in the form of I member-68 bein its lower position and that upon movement of thearm in the opposite direction-the sleeve 58 will act on the sleeve 65to force the rod 80 tothe-left' (Fig.

6),thereby actuating the toggleto raise the valve member '68 and permit increased flow of the combustible mixture without increase of its velocityThe sleeve 65" may be held against rotation in any suitable manner as by means including. alug 52- projecting upwardly from the bracket 52.1

, The mixing tube49 is connectedwith the duct 71'through a duct 83 and the flash pan is connected-with the duct 71 throughra duct 84 at a point below the lower end of the duct T 83. Thelowerend of the duct 71 communicates with ap1pef85 leading to a valve 86 at the front of the furnace where it is accessibleq iThis'valve 86 is normally held closed 185 by meansof a weighted arm 87 which may be swung upwardly to zunscrewand open the chamber or illlb,'TWlllpass into the larger end of saidlmelmber53 and flow into a part thereoflocated below the level of the lower edge ofthe guard member 60; Oil collecting at. this point flows through a suitable conduit or duct 88 to adevice 4 89 'which includes a valve 90 adapted to'f control the flow 'ofoil, to the oil supplyvpipe 32 and maybe controlled by means of a handle or lever 91.

"As indicated most clearly in Figs. 2 and 6,

the oil is supplied through an oil filter. 92 to duct 93 in said device 89 and this duct 93 1s 'connected by a-horizontal' duct 94 to a chamber 95 from which the oil may 'pass to the tube32 through a pipe 96 (Fig. 1). The duct 94 may be closed at one end by a conical valve member 97 carried-by a diaphragm 98 and having a left-hand thread engagement'in sleeve 106 and the latter having a' right hand screw mounting in casing 105 The exterior of the sleevehas' a righthand thread and it is rigid with weight 103 so that when released, the sleeve screws shut the valve by the action of both the left-and right-hand threads. The stem of valve 97 is'connected with a rod 99 which is conlnectedwiththehandle-or arm 91- so that when said arm is lifted, the valve is closed.

' Theconduit or duct 88' is connected with a pipe 101 which;drains into a bucket 102 controlling a well known kind of trip deviceisuch as may be required by the fire underwriters '7 whereby, whenthe bucket -is-filledto a predam formed by thebracket 52 at the end ofdetermined: extent, it operates a float (not shown) releasing. agdete'nt on sleeve 1-06 per? mitting the weight 103'(Fig. 2) to swing downwardly along a'. quadrant guard 104, thereby rotating. the sleeve 106' and closing valve.97,.as above described. 1

The handles or arms 67 and army controlled manually or may be operated automatically, For example, both of these arms may be connected with a suitable pressure indicating device of a steam boilerheatedby the apparatus of the present invention, in such a manner that increaseof'pressure in the boiler will swing the arms counter-clockwise and tend to cutdown the flow'o'f gas at the burner and also the flow of oil tothe gas producer. .When the oil "has been shut off by the'trip device, it is necessary before again starting the apparatus to empty the bucket andlift the weight 103 and the arm by which it is carried to a position such as-torestore it to the control of the trip device.

The operation is substantially as follows: When the valve 90 is opened, oil flows through the filter 92 and the valve 90 tothe pipe 32 from which it passes through check valve 32 and the injector 31 into theretort 33. '.'From the bottom of the retort the oil flows through the pipe 48 to the chamber 50in the bracket 52 and passes therefrom through thenozzle 51 axially'of the mixing pipe or chamber. a9

toward theburner end thereof. Due to the themixing chamber farthestfrom the burner, the oil flowing into the mixing chamber passes to the burner'end thereofanddown through the duct 71 so that when'the pipe :is full the oil: will flow through the duct 84 into the flash pan 72where it maycollect toithe levelfof the lower edge of the inlet of drain 88. Any additional {oil will then flow through the drain 88 and pass to the trip device. Ordinarily'the oil in'theflash pan is ignited before such a quantityof oil has accumulated. p

At this stagein the starting of'the apparatus the water in the feed water tank-or chamber 241 is at the level indicated by the openings 16, as above described. After ig-1 nitionof the oil in the flash pan and suflicicnt heating of the parts including the boiler by the flame from the flash pan, the water. in

. the boiler 12 will evaporate and form steam which willapass upwardlythrough the re stricted opening 22 into thedrying chamber,

then through the hollow memberill to the 'frontpartof'the furnace and from/there through the passage or duct 30'to the Venturi N tube 31' of the oil injector.

The steam will then drawforward theoil fed to the injectorand a mixture consisting supply of oil of hotgsteam and va'porized hydrocarbon or finely atomized oil'in suspension therein will pass into the end-ofthe pipe constituting the retort 33.- As long as the oil flows into the for any I'&SO11,: such as" failure to start thegas producing operation soon enough, too much Oil'COllCllS inthe mixing p pe or cham' ber 49, the oil will flow through thedrain 88 and duct 88 to'the trip device which upon suflicient accumulation of the oil will act to shut off the oil. I

Thereaction occurring in the retort, the mixing of the products of reactionwith air,

and the delivery to theburner havebeen described above.; As the temperature rises the water gas reaction becomes complete and the burner having been ignited,the temperature of the flame therein increases and more air is induced through, the open chamber until {equilibrium .is reached for a given rate of fuelsupply. When the apparatus is in full normal operation,}the oil is completely vaporized and the retorti operates at full efliciency, and, the air burns with a steady and intense blue flame. As already stated, the supply of air to the burner and the'opening of the burner. may beyaried by shifting the arm either manually or automatically and the may be regulated by means of the arm 91. I gln general the-steam generator or boiler section of the apparatus maybe considered as made up of a lower orpreheating section including the lower arm or duct 13 and the chamber 12, anintermediate or flash boiler portion'including the chamber 17, andan upper or superheating section including the chamber 18 and the upper arm or duct 14. In normal operation, the water in the arm or duct -13and the chamber12 is boiling or bubbling, but there is no. portion of this section tubular device 15 and subject the same to heavy internal pressure. The steam rising to the upper end of the device 15 passes through the screen 13 which, however, prevents the direct upward movement of water to-the drying or superhe'ating section. The water and also steam and froth are, however, forced or sprayed out of the lateral openings 16 and'are vaporized upon coming into contact withthe red hot wall of the conical intermediate section or chamber 17f which serves asa flash boiler. From the chamber 17 the relatively dry steam passes upwardly through-the restricted opening 22 in thewall 21 intothe upperor superheater sectionin- 5130 serving the purpose of a steam dome, The boiling water and the steam pass up into the eluding the chamber 18 and the-arm or duct that the atomized oil be broken down to combustible gas and free 'carbon, but also there'shouldbe the characteristic Water re action 'Withthe free-carbon or soot, to form combustible carbon monoxide (C6)). My construction =of proportional parts is particularly adapted to make certain the proper functioning of the'device in this particular. As brought out in said co pending application, one factor in 'producing' the desired resultconsists in ha'ving the retort-tube o-f 'great diameter as compared with the capacity of the steam an'd oil supplydevic'e, so thatalthough the steam and -oil-m'a'y'=enter the coil at a very high velocity and temperature, the cross section of=thetube in whichthey merge will be sol-arg'e in proportion that the gases will actually travel through the coil quite slowly-and be exposed-to the heat thereof for the relatively long timenecessary to produce the above described result. Y

Many of the structural details described in the specifications are not essential to the success of the invention. For instance, so far 'as concernsthe'broader aspectsof the invention, the shape of the retort mightbe varied, other means might'be utilized --forcontrolling the flow of Water and oil; or for-controlling the action of; the burner, Without departing from the spirit of the invention f-Which may include" any-andall changes 1 and alterations that fairly fall within the scope 'of 'the appended claims. The injector 31 i is claimed 5 herein only i in combination with the retort and as concerns its function of injecting' the fluid hydrocarbonivithin a surrounding sheath of steam so as topreventimmediate contact of: the hy-.

droc'arbon with the hot Walls of the tubular "retort'and'with only the longitudinal adjustments shown for varyingthe positions and flow section of. the injector streams, but it will be understood that inpractice the details of, construction are preferably the same as those shown; and separately claimed in my companion application Ser. No. 274,745, filed M y; M1 8- I claim:. I

1; A gas producer and burner apparatus in combination with a furnace,including a "burner locatedc'entral'ly of the furnace, gas producer device positioned above said burner, amixing pipe extending from the outside of the furnace to the burner, 'a gas injector ts 'noz zle' i'n said mixin'g tube and*connected with said gas producer, aidrain from 'ithe innerj end of said mixing tube and 'a device at the other end of the mixing tube having an overflow outlet raised abovethe bottom of saidmixing tube, a flash pan beneath the burner tip, a drain duct connecting the flash pan'iwith the :drain' for the mixing ,ztube, whereby oilentering the mixing tube wililibe causedto floW'kto the-burner tip end and then .throughthe connectingrzdncts to the flash 36 pan, means for draining said ducts when de sired and/means'to conduct oiloiverfiowingat the :other end into an overfioW-controlledv device adapted to shut on the :apparatus when toogreat an amountof oil is permitted to :run therefrom. 2. A gas producer and burner app a ratns in combination with :a furnace, including 'a burner located centrally of :the 2furnace,1a igas producer device positioned above-said bunnm er, amixing pipe-.extendingzfnomitheoutsidc of the furnace to the burner, aJIlOZZlQFlIl said 'm'ixingvtube'andrconnectedrwith:saidgasiproducer, .a drain from the inner end 10f :said mixing tube,a fla'sh pan beneaththeiburner tip ,:adrainfduct connectingithe flas'hpanzwith the (drain for ithe inixing tube, whereby .:oil entering i the mixing itube will Ebe' (caused to flow :to the burner tip end andithen through =therconnecting ducts rto :the flash :pan,-;measns 9' for edraining said ducts. when desired .and overflow "means at the outer-end iofrsaidmixing tube to :limit athe height of coil ;accumnlatingiin'theefiash paniandsincluding anluver- :fioW :trip device to ;shut off the apparatus when toozgre'atsan; amount ofl'oil is permitted town-therefrom. v

3. A gas producer aand burneriapparatus adapted rfortuse: ini'the fire box of affurnace,

ga' eretort in zthe t'form :of 12a rvertical i coil f into H 'the'upper endzof-which .OlliflIICl steam are injected, 3 a steam 5 boiler Fin 5 the :form :of ain inverted.cones'furnishingsteamitoieifect such injector of oil and steam :and i'comprising a relatively small Water chamber atiitsilonrer end,a larger steamgeneratingchamber above the-Water chamber. anda drying'chambensep- :arated from the steam generating chamber bya Wall having arestricte'd opening,-: azwater ductiofi'relativelyr large .ifloW sectioneextending'fromithe side'of. the firel box to theiwater chamber, a standpipe ipIOjCtlIlg ifrom' ithe upper side of the "water chamber a-into :Lthe

steamrgenerating 'chambera andzhavingiwater delivery means including a ss'i'de :openin-g, Zi120 means tending to maintain the i level of :the Water in the'pipe above said; opening so v that when. the apparatus is: not r workingthezwater Willifilli the lower 1 partioi'i'the steam generating or vaporizing chamberybut: in f-ull nor- 55125 mal operation'zthe'water will bevaporizedaa ffastg as supplied.

' 451A gas produceryandlburner :apparatus adaptedfior use inthe ifire :box otsa furnace, ta *rtortinthe form iofia vertical' coil :intorthe 6:130

. upper end of which oil and steam arezinjected, a steam boiler in the form of an inverted cone furnishing steam to effect such injectlon of oil and steam and comprising a relatively small water chamber at its lower end, a larger steam generating chamber above the water chamber and a drying chamber separated from the steam generating chamber by a wall having a restricted opening, a duct extending 7 from the side of the fire box to the water chamber and of 'sufiicient 'fiow section to prevent substantial steam generation therein, a standpipe projecting from the upper side of the water chamber into the steam generating chamber and having water delivery means including a side opening, means tending to maintain the cone furnishing steam to effect such injection of oil and steam and comprising alrelatively small Water chamber at its lower end, a lar er steam generat ng chamber above the water chamber and a drying chamber separated from the steam'generating chamber by a wall having a restricted opening, a duct of considerablefiow section extending from the side of the fire box to the water chamber and serving with said water chamber as a preheating section, means separating the water chamber from the steam generating chamber and adapted to admit water at rates causing it to collect in said steam generating chamber when the apparatus is not in full operation while restricting the flow so that during full normal operationwater will be vaporized as fast as admitted'to the steam generating chamber.

6. In a burner, a generally horizontal duct 7 having air inlet means at one end, an'upwardly turned burner tip at the-other end of said duct, a fuel gas injector nozzle arranged substantially axially of said duct and adapted to draw in air through said inlet means and urge the mixture toward said burner tip, means for opening and closing said inlet means, a valve or closure member positioned above the burner tip, a toggle for raising and lowering said valve member to vary the flow section of the annular outlet passage formed between the same and the tip and means for operating said opening and closing means for the inlet and at the same time operating said toggle to increase or decrease the flow section of the annular outlet in accordance with the mixmg plpe,

increase or decrease of the air supplied to said mi xing duct.

7. In a burner, a substantially horizontal mixing pipe, a gas nozzle arranged axially of the mixing pipe, air inlet means at'the rear of said nozzle, a damper rotatable about the axis of said pipe for opening andclosing said inlet -means, an upturned circular burner tip atthe other end of said pipe, a closure mem ber positioned centrally above said outlet to provide an annular passage and adapted .to open and close the same, and meansfor actuating said closure member vertically in accordance with the opening and closing of said inlet means, such actuating means'ineluding a cam connected with said rotatable damper at the center thereof.

8. In a burner, a horizontal mixing pipe, a gas nozzle arranged axially of the mixing pipe, air inlet means at the rear of said nozzle, a damper rotatable about the axis of said pipe for opening and closing said inlet means an upturned circular. burner tip, a closure member above said outlet and adapted to cooperate therewith, means for actuating said closure member vertically inaccordancewith the opening and closing of said inlet means, such actuating means including a cam connected with the center of said rotatable 'damper,and a toggle device adapted to ac tuate the closure member and to be actuated by the cam on the damper. i

9. In a burner, a substantially horizontal the mlxlng pipe, air inlet means at the rear of said nozzle, a damper rotatable about the axis of said pipe for-opening and closing said inlet means, damper towards the nozzle, a'closure member above said outlet and cooperating therewith to form an annular'outlet passage, a toggle device for raising and lowering said closure member, and means for actuating said toggle including a rod connected thereto and a follower connected with said rod and adapted to be actuated by said cam;

10. In a gas producer'and burner apparatus, a steam generator including a small preheater water chamber, a flash boiler sec' tion in the shape of an inverted cone communicating at its small end withthe preheater water chamber, a superheater chamber above the flash boiler section and separated therefrom by a wall having a restricted orifice above the opening at the small end of the cone, and a controlling device secured in the opening at the small end of the flash boiler com prising a tube projecting upwardly from said small end ,andhaving lateral orifices and a screen with fine openingstherethrough extending across the top of said tube to prevent the direct upward passage of Water while permitting the passage of steam, the flow through the lateral orifices in the tube being restricted so that whe'n the apparatus is in full normal a gas nozzle arranged axiallyof a cam mounted 011 the side ofthe operation water forced through the tube against the conical .wa'llof'the flash boiler will be vaporized substantially instantaneously; andmeans for heating said steam gener ator including a burner having an annular outlet passage so as to provlde an upward blast to engage the conical outer wall of the flash boiler section and having outlets within the boundary of said annular outlet to assure V heating of the small wate r chamber at the lower'end of the steam generator.

Signed at New .York, in the county oi I New York and State of New Yorklithis 22nd day of March, A. D. 1928.

EDWA D o. BENJAMIN.

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